凭 (píng)

In Chinese, "凭" is a preposition or verb that means "to rely on" or "based on". It is used to indicate the basis or grounds for something, or the action of relying on something. Below are detailed usages of "凭".

1. Relying on Basis

"凭" is used to indicate the basis or grounds for something. It implies that a decision, judgment, or action is made based on certain facts, evidence, or qualifications. For example:

• 凭我的经验，这个决定是正确的。 (Píng wǒ de jīngyàn, zhège juédìng shì zhèngquè de.) — Based on my experience, this decision is correct. (lit. Relying on my experience, this decision is correct.)
• 凭她的能力，她完全可以胜任这个职位。 (Píng tā de nénglì, tā wánquán kěyǐ shèng rèn zhège zhíwèi.) — Based on her abilities, she is fully capable of handling this position. (lit. Relying on her abilities, she is fully capable of handling this position.)

2. Relying on Something

"凭" can also be used to indicate the action of relying on something or someone. It implies using something as a basis or support for one's actions or decisions. For example:

• 凭信用卡可以取款。 (Píng xìnyòngkǎ kěyǐ qǔkuǎn.) — You can withdraw money with a credit card. (lit. Relying on the credit card, you can withdraw money.)
• 凭你的努力，一定会成功的。 (Píng nǐ de nǔlì, yīdìng huì chénggōng de.) — Based on your efforts, you will definitely succeed. (lit. Relying on your efforts, you will definitely succeed.)