The Adverb '竟然'

Description

In Chinese, the adverb '竟然' (jìngrán) is used to express surprise or unexpectedness. It indicates that something contrary to expectations has occurred, often with a sense of disbelief or astonishment. It can be translated as "unexpectedly," "surprisingly," or "actually."

Usage

'竟然' (jìngrán) is typically used to convey the speaker's surprise or disbelief at a situation or outcome that was contrary to what was expected or anticipated.

Examples

• 他竟然来了! (Tā jìngrán lái le!) - He actually came!
• 她竟然拒绝了我的邀请。 (Tā jìngrán jùjué le wǒ de yāoqǐng.) - She unexpectedly turned down my invitation.
• 他竟然通过了考试，让我感到很惊讶。 (Tā jìngrán tōngguò le kǎoshì, ràng wǒ gǎndào hěn jīngyà.) - He surprisingly passed the exam, which surprised me a lot.

Key Points

• The adverb '竟然' (jìngrán) is used to express surprise or unexpectedness.
• It indicates that something contrary to expectations has occurred, often with a sense of disbelief or astonishment.
• Typically used to convey the speaker's surprise or disbelief at a situation or outcome.